hapter 34

A child may ask, “What is the world’s story about?” And a grown man or woman may wonder, “What

way will the world go? How does it end and, while we’re at it, what’s the story about?”

I believe that there is one story in the world, and only one, that has frightened and inspired us, so

that we live in a Pearl White serial of continuing thought and wonder. Humans are caught—in their

lives, in their thoughts, in their hungers and ambitions, in their avarice and cruelty, and in their

kindness and generosity too—in a net of good and evil. I think this is the only story we have and that it

occurs on all levels of feeling and intelligence. Virtue and vice were warp and woof of our first

consciousness, and they will be the fabric of our last, and this despite any changes we may impose on

field and river and mountain, on economy and manners. There is no other story. A man, after he has

brushed off the dust and chips of his life, will have left only the hard, clean questions: Was it good or

was it evil? Have I done well—or ill?

Herodotus, in the Persian War, tells a story of how Croesus, the richest and most-favored king of

his time, asked Solon the Athenian a leading question. He would not have asked it if he had not been

worried about the answer. “Who,” he asked, “is the luckiest person in the world?” He must have been

eaten with doubt and hungry for reassurance. Solon told him of three lucky people in old times. And

Croesus more than likely did not listen, so anxious was he about himself. And when Solon did not

mention him, Croesus was forced to say, “Do you not consider me lucky?”

Solon did not hesitate in his answer. “How can I tell?” he said. “You aren’t dead yet.”

And this answer must have haunted Croesus dismally as his luck disappeared, and his wealth and

his kingdom. And as he was being burned on a tall fire, he may have thought of it and perhaps wished

he had not asked or not been answered.

And in our time, when a man dies—if he has had wealth and influence and power and all the

vestments that arouse envy, and after the living take stock of the dead man’s property and his

eminence and works and monuments—the question is still there: Was his life good or was it evil?—

which is another way of putting Croesus’s question. Envies are gone, and the measuring stick is: “Was

he loved or was he hated? Is his death felt as a loss or does a kind of joy come of it?”

I remember clearly the deaths of three men. One was the richest man of the century, who, having

clawed his way to wealth through the souls and bodies of men, spent many years trying to buy back

the love he had forfeited and by that process performed great service to the world and, perhaps, had

much more than balanced the evils of his rise. I was on a ship when he died. The news was posted on

the bulletin board, and nearly everyone received the news with pleasure. Several said, “Thank God that

son of a bitch is dead.”

Then there was a man, smart as Satan, who, lacking some perception of human dignity and

knowing all too well every aspect of human weakness and wickedness, used his special knowledge to

warp men, to buy men, to bribe and threaten and seduce until he found himself in a position of great

power. He clothed his motives in the names of virtue, and I have wondered whether he ever knew that

no gift will ever buy back a man’s love when you have removed his self-love. A bribed man can only

hate his briber. When this man died the nation rang with praise and, just beneath, with gladness that he

was dead.

There was a third man, who perhaps made many errors in performance but whose effective life

was devoted to making men brave and dignified and good in a time when they were poor and

frightened and when ugly forces were loose in the world to utilize their fears. This man was hated by

the few. When he died the people burst into tears in the streets and their minds wailed, “What can we

do now? How can we go on without him?”

In uncertainty I am certain that underneath their topmost layers of frailty men want to be good and

want to be loved. Indeed, most of their vices are attempted short cuts to love. When a man comes to

die, no matter what his talents and influence and genius, if he dies unloved his life must be a failure to

him and his dying a cold horror. It seems to me that if you or I must choose between two courses of

thought or action, we should remember our dying and try so to live that our death brings no pleasure to

the world.

We have only one story. All novels, all poetry, are built on the never-ending contest in ourselves

of good and evil. And it occurs to me that evil must constantly respawn, while good, while virtue, is

immortal. Vice has always a new fresh young face, while virtue is venerable as nothing else in the

world is.