Đăng Nhập
Đăng nhập iSach
Đăng nhập = Facebook
Đăng nhập = Google
Quên Mật Khẩu
Đăng ký
Trang chủ
Đăng nhập
Đăng nhập iSach
Đăng nhập = Facebook
Đăng nhập = Google
Đăng ký
Tùy chỉnh (beta)
Nhật kỳ....
Ai đang online
Ai đang download gì?
Top đọc nhiều
Top download nhiều
Top mới cập nhật
Top truyện chưa có ảnh bìa
Truyện chưa đầy đủ
Danh sách phú ông
Danh sách phú ông trẻ
Trợ giúp
Download ebook mẫu
Đăng ký / Đăng nhập
Các vấn đề về gạo
Hướng dẫn download ebook
Hướng dẫn tải ebook về iPhone
Hướng dẫn tải ebook về Kindle
Hướng dẫn upload ảnh bìa
Quy định ảnh bìa chuẩn
Hướng dẫn sửa nội dung sai
Quy định quyền đọc & download
Cách sử dụng QR Code
Truyện
Truyện Ngẫu Nhiên
Giới Thiệu Truyện Tiêu Biểu
Truyện Đọc Nhiều
Danh Mục Truyện
Kiếm Hiệp
Tiên Hiệp
Tuổi Học Trò
Cổ Tích
Truyện Ngắn
Truyện Cười
Kinh Dị
Tiểu Thuyết
Ngôn Tình
Trinh Thám
Trung Hoa
Nghệ Thuật Sống
Phong Tục Việt Nam
Việc Làm
Kỹ Năng Sống
Khoa Học
Tùy Bút
English Stories
Danh Mục Tác Giả
Kim Dung
Nguyễn Nhật Ánh
Hoàng Thu Dung
Nguyễn Ngọc Tư
Quỳnh Dao
Hồ Biểu Chánh
Cổ Long
Ngọa Long Sinh
Ngã Cật Tây Hồng Thị
Aziz Nesin
Trần Thanh Vân
Sidney Sheldon
Arthur Conan Doyle
Truyện Tranh
Sách Nói
Danh Mục Sách Nói
Đọc truyện đêm khuya
Tiểu Thuyết
Lịch Sử
Tuổi Học Trò
Đắc Nhân Tâm
Giáo Dục
Hồi Ký
Kiếm Hiệp
Lịch Sử
Tùy Bút
Tập Truyện Ngắn
Giáo Dục
Trung Nghị
Thu Hiền
Bá Trung
Mạnh Linh
Bạch Lý
Hướng Dương
Dương Liễu
Ngô Hồng
Ngọc Hân
Phương Minh
Shep O’Neal
Thơ
Thơ Ngẫu Nhiên
Danh Mục Thơ
Danh Mục Tác Giả
Nguyễn Bính
Hồ Xuân Hương
TTKH
Trần Đăng Khoa
Phùng Quán
Xuân Diệu
Lưu Trọng Lư
Tố Hữu
Xuân Quỳnh
Nguyễn Khoa Điềm
Vũ Hoàng Chương
Hàn Mặc Tử
Huy Cận
Bùi Giáng
Hồ Dzếnh
Trần Quốc Hoàn
Bùi Chí Vinh
Lưu Quang Vũ
Bảo Cường
Nguyên Sa
Tế Hanh
Hữu Thỉnh
Thế Lữ
Hoàng Cầm
Đỗ Trung Quân
Chế Lan Viên
Lời Nhạc
Trịnh Công Sơn
Quốc Bảo
Phạm Duy
Anh Bằng
Võ Tá Hân
Hoàng Trọng
Trầm Tử Thiêng
Lương Bằng Quang
Song Ngọc
Hoàng Thi Thơ
Trần Thiện Thanh
Thái Thịnh
Phương Uyên
Danh Mục Ca Sĩ
Khánh Ly
Cẩm Ly
Hương Lan
Như Quỳnh
Đan Trường
Lam Trường
Đàm Vĩnh Hưng
Minh Tuyết
Tuấn Ngọc
Trường Vũ
Quang Dũng
Mỹ Tâm
Bảo Yến
Nirvana
Michael Learns to Rock
Michael Jackson
M2M
Madonna
Shakira
Spice Girls
The Beatles
Elvis Presley
Elton John
Led Zeppelin
Pink Floyd
Queen
Sưu Tầm
Toán Học
Tiếng Anh
Tin Học
Âm Nhạc
Lịch Sử
Non-Fiction
Download ebook?
Chat
The House Of The Seven Gables
ePub
A4
A5
A6
Chương trước
Mục lục
Chương sau
Introduction
I
N September of the year during the February of which Hawthorne had completed "The Scarlet Letter," he began "The House of the Seven Gables." Meanwhile, he had removed from Salem to Lenox, in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, where he occupied with his family a small red wooden house, still standing at the date of this edition, near the Stockbridge Bowl.
"I sha'n't have the new story ready by November," he explained to his publisher, on the 1st of October, "for I am never good for anything in the literary way till after the first autumnal frost, which has somewhat such an effect on my imagination that it does on the foliage here about me-multiplying and brightening its hues." But by vigorous application he was able to complete the new work about the middle of the January following.
Since research has disclosed the manner in which the romance is interwoven with incidents from the history of the Hawthorne family, "The House of the Seven Gables" has acquired an interest apart from that by which it first appealed to the public. John Hathorne (as the name was then spelled), the great-grandfather of Nathaniel Hawthorne, was a magistrate at Salem in the latter part of the seventeenth century, and officiated at the famous trials for witchcraft held there. It is of record that he used peculiar severity towards a certain woman who was among the accused; and the husband of this woman prophesied that God would take revenge upon his wife's persecutors. This circumstance doubtless furnished a hint for that piece of tradition in the book which represents a Pyncheon of a former generation as having persecuted one Maule, who declared that God would give his enemy "blood to drink." It became a conviction with the Hawthorne family that a curse had been pronounced upon its members, which continued in force in the time of the romancer; a conviction perhaps derived from the recorded prophecy of the injured woman's husband, just mentioned; and, here again, we have a correspondence with Maule's malediction in the story. Furthermore, there occurs in the "American Note-Books" (August 27, 1837), a reminiscence of the author's family, to the following effect. Philip English, a character well-known in early Salem annals, was among those who suffered from John Hathorne's magisterial harshness, and he maintained in consequence a lasting feud with the old Puritan official. But at his death English left daughters, one of whom is said to have married the son of Justice John Hathorne, whom English had declared he would never forgive. It is scarcely necessary to point out how clearly this foreshadows the final union of those hereditary foes, the Pyncheons and Maules, through the marriage of Phoebe and Holgrave. The romance, however, describes the Maules as possessing some of the traits known to have been characteristic of the Hawthornes: for example, "so long as any of the race were to be found, they had been marked out from other men—not strikingly, nor as with a sharp line, but with an effect that was felt rather than spoken of—by an hereditary characteristic of reserve." Thus, while the general suggestion of the Hawthorne line and its fortunes was followed in the romance, the Pyncheons taking the place of the author's family, certain distinguishing marks of the Hawthornes were assigned to the imaginary Maule posterity.
There are one or two other points which indicate Hawthorne's method of basing his compositions, the result in the main of pure invention, on the solid ground of particular facts. Allusion is made, in the first chapter of the "Seven Gables," to a grant of lands in Waldo County, Maine, owned by the Pyncheon family. In the "American Note-Books" there is an entry, dated August 12, 1837, which speaks of the Revolutionary general, Knox, and his land-grant in Waldo County, by virtue of which the owner had hoped to establish an estate on the English plan, with a tenantry to make it profitable for him. An incident of much greater importance in the story is the supposed murder of one of the Pyncheons by his nephew, to whom we are introduced as Clifford Pyncheon. In all probability Hawthorne connected with this, in his mind, the murder of Mr. White, a wealthy gentleman of Salem, killed by a man whom his nephew had hired. This took place a few years after Hawthorne's graduation from college, and was one of the celebrated cases of the day, Daniel Webster taking part prominently in the trial. But it should be observed here that such resemblances as these between sundry elements in the work of Hawthorne's fancy and details of reality are only fragmentary, and are rearranged to suit the author's purposes.
In the same way he has made his description of Hepzibah Pyncheon's seven-gabled mansion conform so nearly to several old dwellings formerly or still extant in Salem, that strenuous efforts have been made to fix upon some one of them as the veritable edifice of the romance. A paragraph in the opening chapter has perhaps assisted this delusion that there must have been a single original House of the Seven Gables, framed by flesh-and-blood carpenters; for it runs thus:—
"Familiar as it stands in the writer's recollection—for it has been an object of curiosity with him from boyhood, both as a specimen of the best and stateliest architecture of a long-past epoch, and as the scene of events more full of interest perhaps than those of a gray feudal castle—familiar as it stands, in its rusty old age, it is therefore only the more difficult to imagine the bright novelty with which it first caught the sunshine."
Hundreds of pilgrims annually visit a house in Salem, belonging to one branch of the Ingersoll family of that place, which is stoutly maintained to have been the model for Hawthorne's visionary dwelling. Others have supposed that the now vanished house of the identical Philip English, whose blood, as we have already noticed, became mingled with that of the Hawthornes, supplied the pattern; and still a third building, known as the Curwen mansion, has been declared the only genuine establishment. Notwithstanding persistent popular belief, the authenticity of all these must positively be denied; although it is possible that isolated reminiscences of all three may have blended with the ideal image in the mind of Hawthorne. He, it will be seen, remarks in the Preface, alluding to himself in the third person, that he trusts not to be condemned for "laying out a street that infringes upon nobody's private rights... and building a house of materials long in use for constructing castles in the air." More than this, he stated to persons still living that the house of the romance was not copied from any actual edifice, but was simply a general reproduction of a style of architecture belonging to colonial days, examples of which survived into the period of his youth, but have since been radically modified or destroyed. Here, as elsewhere, he exercised the liberty of a creative mind to heighten the probability of his pictures without confining himself to a literal description of something he had seen.
While Hawthorne remained at Lenox, and during the composition of this romance, various other literary personages settled or stayed for a time in the vicinity; among them, Herman Melville, whose intercourse Hawthorne greatly enjoyed, Henry James, Sr., Doctor Holmes, J. T. Headley, James Russell Lowell, Edwin P. Whipple, Frederika Bremer, and J. T. Fields; so that there was no lack of intellectual society in the midst of the beautiful and inspiring mountain scenery of the place. "In the afternoons, nowadays," he records, shortly before beginning the work, "this valley in which I dwell seems like a vast basin filled with golden Sunshine as with wine;" and, happy in the companionship of his wife and their three children, he led a simple, refined, idyllic life, despite the restrictions of a scanty and uncertain income. A letter written by Mrs. Hawthorne, at this time, to a member of her family, gives incidentally a glimpse of the scene, which may properly find a place here. She says: "I delight to think that you also can look forth, as I do now, upon a broad valley and a fine amphitheater of hills, and are about to watch the stately ceremony of the sunset from your piazza. But you have not this lovely lake, nor, I suppose, the delicate purple mist which folds these slumbering mountains in airy veils. Mr. Hawthorne has been lying down in the sun shine, slightly fleckered with the shadows of a tree, and Una and Julian have been making him look like the mighty Pan, by covering his chin and breast with long grass-blades, that looked like a verdant and venerable beard." The pleasantness and peace of his surroundings and of his modest home, in Lenox, may be taken into account as harmonizing with the mellow serenity of the romance then produced. Of the work, when it appeared in the early spring of 1851, he wrote to Horatio Bridge these words, now published for the first time:—
"'The House of the Seven Gables' in my opinion, is better than 'The Scarlet Letter:' but I should not wonder if I had refined upon the principal character a little too much for popular appreciation, nor if the romance of the book should be somewhat at odds with the humble and familiar scenery in which I invest it. But I feel that portions of it are as good as anything I can hope to write, and the publisher speaks encouragingly of its success."
From England, especially, came many warm expressions of praise,—a fact which Mrs. Hawthorne, in a private letter, commented on as the fulfillment of a possibility which Hawthorne, writing in boyhood to his mother, had looked forward to. He had asked her if she would not like him to become an author and have his books read in England.
G. P. L.
Chương trước
Mục lục
Chương sau
The House Of The Seven Gables
Nathaniel Hawthorne
The House Of The Seven Gables - Nathaniel Hawthorne
https://isach.info/story.php?story=the_house_of_the_seven_gables__nathaniel_hawthorne